Compare Djibouti (2005) - Christmas Island (2008)

Compare Djibouti (2005) z Christmas Island (2008)

	Djibouti (2005)	Christmas Island (2008)

Administrative divisions	5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: 43.3% (male 103,516/female 102,860) 15-64 years: 53.5% (male 133,168/female 121,823) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 7,748/female 7,588) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products	fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides	NA
Airports	13 (2004 est.)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1524 to 2437 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)	-
Area	total: 23,000 sq km land: 22,980 sq km water: 20 sq km	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Massachusetts	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Background	The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afars minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 following the conclusion of a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Issa-dominated government. Djibouti's first multi-party presidential elections in 1999 resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH. Djibouti occupies a very strategic geographic location at the mouth of the Red Sea and serves as an important transshipment location for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands. The present leadership favors close ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, but has also developed increasingly stronger ties with the United States in recent years. Djibouti currently hosts the only United States military base in sub-Saharan Africa and is a front-line state in the global war on terrorism.	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement began by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate	39.98 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	NA
Budget	revenues: $135 million expenditures: $182 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1999 est.)	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA
Capital	Djibouti	name: The Settlement geographic coordinates: 10 25 S, 105 43 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	desert; torrid, dry	tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Coastline	314 km	138.9 km
Constitution	multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti conventional short form: Djibouti former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island
Death rate	19.39 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	NA
Debt - external	$366 million (2002 est.)	-
Dependency status	-	non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Attorney-General's Department
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Marguerita RAGSDALE embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti telephone: [253] 35 39 95 FAX: [253] 35 39 40	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270 FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; although most of the 26,000 Somali refugees in Djibouti who fled civil unrest in the early 1990s have returned, several thousand still await repatriation in UNHCR camps	none
Economic aid - recipient	$36 million (2001)	$NA
Economy - overview	The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of at least 50% continues to be a major problem. While inflation is not a concern, due to the fixed tie of the Djiboutian franc to the US dollar, the artificially high value of the Djiboutian franc adversely affects Djibouti's balance of payments. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors.	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993, but closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, expected to begin operations in the near future.
Electricity - consumption	167.4 million kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - production	180 million kWh (2002)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues	inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species	loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates	Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.72 (2004), 177.72 (2003), 177.72 (2002), 177.72 (2001), 177.72 (2000)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed Dileita DILEITA (since 4 March 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 8 April 2005 (next to be held by April 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 100%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Neil LUCAS (since 30 January 2006) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports	NA	$NA
Exports - commodities	reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)	phosphate
Exports - partners	Somalia 63.8%, Yemen 22.6%, Ethiopia 5% (2004)	Australia, NZ (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center	territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the island note: the flag of Australia is used for official purposes
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 3.5% industry: 15.8% services: 80.7% (2001 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2002 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	3.5% (2002 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	11 30 N, 43 00 E	10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note	strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Highways	total: 2,890 km paved: 364 km unpaved: 2,526 km (1999 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	-
Imports	NA	$NA
Imports - commodities	foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products	consumer goods
Imports - partners	Saudi Arabia 19.7%, India 12.4%, Ethiopia 11.8%, China 8.1%, France 5.6%, US 4.8% (2004)	principally Australia (2006)
Independence	27 June 1977 (from France)	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	3% (1996 est.)	-
Industries	construction, agricultural processing, salt	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate	total: 104.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 111.82 deaths/1,000 live births female: 96.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2% (2002 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	none
Irrigated land	10 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force	282,000 (2000)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	NA	-
Land boundaries	total: 516 km border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.96% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)
Languages	French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar	English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system	based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch	unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: last held 10 January 2003 (next to be held January 2008) election results: percent of vote - RPP 62.2%, FRUD 36.9%; seats - RPP 65, FRUD 0; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 20 October 2007 (next to be held in 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 43.1 years male: 41.84 years female: 44.39 years (2005 est.)	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 67.9% male: 78% female: 58.4% (2003 est.)	NA
Location	Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references	Africa	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT by type: cargo 1 (2005)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force)	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$28.6 million (2004)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	4.4% (2004)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 27 June (1977)	Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Nationality	noun: Djiboutian(s) adjective: Djiboutian	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards	earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum	phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	NA
Political parties and leaders	Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GUELLEH]; Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED]; Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [leader NA]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	Union for Presidential Majority UMP (coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PPSD and PND); Union for Democratic Changeover or UAD (opposition coalition includes ARD, MRDD, UDJ, and PDD) [Ahmed Dini AHMED]	none
Population	476,703 (July 2005 est.)	1,402 (July 2006 est.) (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	50% (2001 est.)	-
Population growth rate	2.06% (2005 est.)	0% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Djibouti	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2006)
Railways	total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway) narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2004)	-
Religions	Muslim 94%, Christian 6%	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal adult	-
Telephone system	general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country domestic: microwave radio relay network international: country code - 253; submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth stations - 1 INTELSAT earth station provides telephone and telex service (2005)
Telephones - main lines in use	9,500 (2003)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	23,000 (2003)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (2002)	0 (TV broadcasts received via satellite from mainland Australia) (2006)
Terrain	coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate	5.4 children born/woman (2005 est.)	NA
Unemployment rate	50% (2004 est.)	-

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